The signing ceremony took place behind closed doors in Nairobi, Kenya, following a high-profile meeting last week in a government-owned building.

That gathering drew condemnation from Sudan’s Foreign Ministry in Khartoum.

Among the signatories is Abdelaziz al-Hilu, a powerful rebel leader who controls significant territory and forces in South Kordofan.

Al-Hilu has long demanded Sudan adopt secularism.

While the newly declared government has raised concerns at the United Nations, it is unlikely to gain broad international recognition.

However, its formation underscores Sudan’s deepening divisions, with rival factions vying for control.

Civil War and Territorial Gains

The RSF has seized most of western Darfur and parts of the Kordofan region but is facing resistance from the Sudanese army, which is pushing back in central Sudan.

The army has condemned the formation of a parallel government, labeling it an illegitimate move.

Idris, a former official and leader of an armed group, stated that the new government’s official announcement will be made from within Sudan in the coming days.

According to the charter, signatories agreed that Sudan should be a “secular, democratic, non-centralized state” with a single national army.

However, it also allows armed groups to maintain their forces, signaling potential challenges to unifying military command.

The document asserts that the new government does not seek to divide Sudan but rather to unify the country and end the war—tasks it claims the army-aligned government in Port Sudan has failed to achieve.

International Reactions and Allegations

RSF leader General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, widely accused of human rights abuses, including genocide, was sanctioned by the U.S. earlier this year.

Dagalo had previously shared power with the army and civilian politicians following the ouster of Omar al-Bashir in 2019.

However, the RSF and the army jointly removed civilian leaders in a 2021 coup before turning on each other in a war over troop integration during Sudan’s democratic transition.

The conflict has plunged Sudan into an “unprecedented” humanitarian crisis, with famine looming in multiple regions and nearly half the population facing severe hunger.

Both the RSF charter signing and last week’s event were hosted in Kenya, sparking diplomatic tensions.

Sudan’s government has accused the United Arab Emirates of backing the RSF militarily and financially, an allegation supported by UN experts and U.S. lawmakers but denied by the UAE.

Meanwhile, Sudan’s military-aligned government in Port Sudan passed constitutional amendments this week, expanding the army’s powers.

General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan has signaled that a “war cabinet” will be announced soon.

As Sudan’s warring factions dig in, prospects for a unified and peaceful resolution remain uncertain.

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Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as “Hemedti”, looked thin in the footage and commentators say he was holding one of his arms oddly. There has been speculation that the commander, who is in his late 40s, has been injured in the war.

His speech included his usual rhetoric against Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, the head of the military with whom he is involved in a bitter power struggle for control of the country.

He said if the leadership of the army changed, he would agree to a peace deal within 72 hours.

Hemedti first rose to power through the ranks of the Janjaweed militia, accused of ethnic cleansing during the Darfur conflict. The RSF was created by former President Omar al-Bashir, who was ousted after street protests in 2019.

The RSF leader backed his removal as a way to manoeuvre himself into a more powerful position. But his alliance with Gen Burhan fell apart disastrously three months ago.

Since the war began the RSF has moved into bases in many residential areas of the three cities that make up Greater Khartoum – Bahri, Khartoum and Omdurman – that are often hit by air strikes.

In his speech, Hemedti was particularly vitriolic about Yasir al-Atta, a top-ranking army officer who is leading operations in Omdurman.

He apologised to Sudanese people for the “disaster of the war”, which he maintained had been imposed on the RSF.

Surrounded by armed fighters in the five-minute clip, he also denied that those accused of mass looting in Khartoum and elsewhere were RSF members.

(Source: BBC) 

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Statement by Martin Griffiths, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator

For three months now, the people of Sudan have endured unspeakable suffering amid violence that is tearing their country apart. As the conflict enters its fourth month, the battle lines are hardening, making it ever more difficult to reach the millions of people who need urgent humanitarian assistance.

Sudan is now one of the world’s most difficult places for humanitarian workers to operate. Hand-in-hand with local organizations, we are doing all we can to deliver life-saving supplies. But we cannot work under the barrel of a gun. We cannot replenish stores of food, water and medicine if brazen looting of these stocks continues. We cannot deliver if our staff are prevented from reaching people in need.

Ultimately, Sudan’s suffering will end only when the fighting ends. In the meantime, we need predictable commitments from the parties to the conflict that allow us to safely deliver humanitarian assistance to people in need, wherever they are. Both sides must abide by the Declaration of Commitments they signed in Jeddah to protect civilians and respect international humanitarian law.

Since the conflict began, more than 3 million people in Sudan – half of them children – have fled the violence, both inside and outside the country. Half of the children remaining in Sudan, numbering some 13.6 million, urgently need humanitarian assistance.

Each day the fighting continues, the misery deepens for Sudanese civilians. The recent discovery of a mass grave outside West Darfur’s capital, El Geneina, is only the latest evidence pointing to a resurgence in ethnic killings in the region. The international community cannot ignore this harsh echo of history in Darfur.

We must all redouble our efforts to ensure that the conflict in Sudan does not spiral into a brutal and interminable civil war with grave consequences for the region. The people of Sudan cannot afford to wait.

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The meeting, scheduled for next week, aims to bring together the heads of state and government officials from Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan, the quartet mediation team addressing the Sudanese crisis.

While al-Burhan and the leader of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Mohamed Hamdan Daglo “Hemetti,” were extended invitations to the summit, the Sudanese Foreign Ministry spokesperson confirmed al-Burhan’s absence.

The spokesperson also reiterated Sudan’s rejection of Kenya’s leadership in the Crisis Resolution Committee, citing concerns over President William Ruto’s perceived bias due to his close ties with RSF leaders and associated economic interests.

Neither Kenya nor the Rapid Support Forces has responded to the Sudanese Foreign Ministry’s statement.

However, during an interview with FRANCE 24 at the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact, President William Ruto of Kenya refuted allegations that Hemetti had received medical treatment in Kenya, addressing the growing tensions between Sudan and Kenya.

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At least 280 people were killed, according to the Sudan doctors’ syndicate, and many more injured.

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The military’s statement comes hours after the RSF said it was ready for a 72-hour ceasefire from 6am (04:00 GMT) on Friday amid ongoing clashes.

The World Health Organization says at least 413 people have been killed and more than 3,500 injured since fighting broke out last week between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

The army rules out negotiations with the Rapid Support Forces, saying it would only accept its surrender.

Fighting between the RSF and the army erupted on Saturday, derailing an internationally backed plan for a transition to a civilian democracy after the fall of Omar al-Bashir during mass protests in 2019.

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